See brume on Wiktionary
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"4": "",
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"4": "",
"5": "brief, short"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\nBorrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).",
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"ref": "1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:",
"text": "For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.",
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"ref": "1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch, page 77:",
"text": "All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
"id": "en-brume-en-noun-8vFcjPTw",
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"mist"
],
[
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"fog"
]
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],
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"word": "brumous"
},
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"word": "brumal"
},
{
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}
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},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯m/"
},
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"expansion": "Old Occitan bruma",
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"word": "brumaire"
},
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"word": "corne de brume"
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"3": "vomica"
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"name": "der"
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],
"ref": "1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:",
"text": "For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
59
]
],
"ref": "1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch, page 77:",
"text": "All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"links": [
[
"Mist",
"mist"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"literary",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯m/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brume.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"homophone": "broom"
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "brumaire"
},
{
"word": "corne de brume"
},
{
"word": "tombée de la brume"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brume"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:brume<ety:bor<la:brūma>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brūma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"brume\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brume",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French brume",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brume"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French brume",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "brūma",
"4": "",
"5": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Latin brūma (“winter”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pro",
"3": "bruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan bruma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French brume, borrowed from Latin brūma (“winter”), possibly through the intermediate of Old Occitan bruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "brume f (plural brumes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Old Occitan",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mreǵʰ-",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"glosses": [
"mist, haze, fog"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"haze",
"haze"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʁym/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-brume.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Fr-brume.ogg/Fr-brume.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Fr-brume.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-brume.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-brume.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-brume.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "morbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin morbus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "vomica"
},
"expansion": "Latin vomica",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 18th century. Unknown: perhaps from Latin morbus, blended with Latin vomica.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "brume m (plural brumes)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pus"
],
"links": [
[
"pus",
"pus"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pus"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɾumɪ]"
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "brume f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"brù‧me"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"brù‧me"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ume",
"Rhymes:Italian/ume/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of bruma"
],
"links": [
[
"bruma",
"bruma#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.me/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ume"
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "brume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brom"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of brom"
],
"links": [
[
"brom",
"brom#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern) alternative form of brom"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brume meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.